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Targeted immunization strategies are approaches designed to increase the immunization level of populations and decrease the chances of epidemic outbreaks.〔 〕〔 〕 Though often in regards to use in healthcare practices and the administration of vaccines to prevent biological epidemic outbreaks,〔 〕 these strategies refer in general to immunization schemes in complex networks, biological, social or artificial in nature.〔 Identification of at-risk groups and individuals with higher odds of spreading the disease often plays an important role in these strategies.〔〔〔 〕 ==Background== The success of vaccines and anti-virus software in preventing major outbreaks relies on the mechanism of herd immunity, also known as community immunity, where the immunization of individuals provides protection for not only the individuals, but also the community at large.〔 〕 In cases of biological contagions such as influenza, measles, and chicken pox, immunizing a critical community size can provide protection against the disease for members who cannot be vaccinated themselves (infants, pregnant women, and immunocompromised individuals). Often however these vaccine programmes require the immunization of a large majority of the population to provide herd immunity.〔 (【引用サイトリンク】title=Community Immunity ("Herd" Immunity) ) 〕 A few successful vaccine programmes have led to the eradication of infectious diseases like small pox〔 〕 and rinderpest, and the near eradication of polio,〔 〕 which plagued the world before the second half of the 20th century.〔 〕〔 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Targeted immunization strategies」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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